Have online videos lowered the standards of television production?

Personally i dont think that domestic productions have lowered the standards of television production, in actual fact i think its makes professional videos more popular. The reason i say this is because if people like a song, then they do their own version and put it on places such as Youtube.
This then gives off good vibes for that artist and more people will be willing to go and view the real thing. In some ways, i think that these domestic videos are almost like a portal. If you can imagine that the domestic video is the biginning of the portal and at the other end there is the professional video, and inbetween theres all the videos that people have done at home or in groups together. Most of the time if you are to put in an artists name into somewhere such as Youtube, most of the time the results show one professional video and the rest are all domestic. My conclusion to this is that i believe even though people create versions of a video, spoofs or even re-makes the quality is never as good and it also helps promote the video is some ways.

How has the digital world changed the way we consume and create TV?

There are many ways in which we can view TV. One of the most popular and well known ways is over the internet. By viewing TV over the internet offers the viewer the opportunity to watch TV series that have already been shown on TV. An example of this is 4OD, this allows people to view episodes of their favourite TV series over and over again without the worry of missing an episode. technology is changing all the time, and most things now have some sort of access to the internet including PS3's, WII's and Xbox 360's this allows us to watch internet streamed TV. The primary role for these machines a few years ago was to solely play games, now they are able to access the internet, stream videos and music along with keeping their game functions.

 

Being able to watch TV online has increased its popularity greatly as most people own a games console of some sort that has access to the internet. A problem that people face when watching online TV over games consoles is that quite often buffering occurs. This can be become an issue as some videos or music takes longer to buffer than others doing this means that the video takes alot longer to be viewed and also the online quality isn't normally that great compared to watching it straight from the television.

Technology such as the new Iphone also has the ability to access the internet. This is helpful for people who are constantly on the go and need a portable device that easily accesses the internet. 

In terms of editing, we are now able to do all editing via a computer. Technology such as the Macbook allows us to use the best programmes such as final cut pro. This is much easier than when we had to use a method called cutting and pasting. this was where using a splicer and threading the film on a machine. now most editing is done digitally and bypass the filmpositive workprint altogether.

There are many advantages that we have with digital cameras over film cameras; one of these being the fact that we can delete things that we don't want, whereas with a film camera, normally you would to atleast take a few pictures in order to guarantee that it won't come out blurry or badly exposed. Another advantage is cost. Even though you might pay more for a digital camera, in the long run it will cost you alot more for a film camera. you have to pay for rolls of tape whereas a memory card can store thousands of photos. Whenever you get pictures developed, there’s always a chance the film could get ruined. Plus we all know how easy it is to lose or ruin prints and negatives. While there’s a small chance of your memory card failing, if you store and properly back up your images, it’s very unlikely you’ll lose all your pictures and precious memories.

Film has it’s advantages over digital, but the benefits far outweigh what you’ll lose. Plus, digital cameras are getting new features and better capabilities every day.   

The history of broadcasting

The history of broadcasting began with audio (sound). These broadcasting services are broadcast through the air as radio waves which are sent to an antenna from a transmitter and then to a receiving device.
In Britain the first experimental broadcast was from Marconi’s factory in Chelmsford in 1920. The British Broadcasting Company was formed two years later and carried on until its license expired in 1926. The company thereafter was named The British Broadcasting Corporation, which was a non-commercial organisation.
The first transatlantic television signal was sent in 1928 from London to New York by the Baird Television Development Company and Cinema Television, although this signal was not broadcast to the public. The first live satellite signal to Britain from the United States was broadcast via the Telstar satellite on July 23, 1962. Then the first live broadcast from the European continent was made on August 27^th 1950.

commercial televisions sets were sold between 1928-1934 in the UK, US and the Soviet Union. the earliest commercially made sets were sold by a man named Baird in the UK in 1928. It was named the Baird Televisor which was available without the radio. The Televisor sold between 1930-1933 and was considered the first mass produced set, selling about a thousand units.

1831

Joseph Henry's and Michael Faraday's work with electromagnetism jumpstarts the era of electronic communication.

1862 First Still Image Transferred

Abbe Giovanna Caselli invents his Pantelegraph and becomes the first person to transmit a still image over wires.

1873

Scientists May and Smith experiment with selenium and light, this reveals the possibilty for inventors to transform images into electronic signals.

1876

Boston civil servant George Carey was thinking about complete television systems and in 1877 he put forward drawings for what he called a selenium camera that would allow people to see by electricity.

Eugen Goldstein coins the term "cathode rays" to describe the light emitted when an electric current was forced through a vacuum tube.

Late 1870s

Scientists and engineers like Paiva, Figuier, and Senlecq were suggesting alternative designs for Telectroscopes.

1880

Inventors Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison theorize about telephone devices that transmit image as well as sound.

Bell's Photophone used light to transmit sound and he wanted to advance his device for image sending.

George Carey builds a rudimentary system with light-sensitive cells.

1881

Sheldon Bidwell experiments with his Telephotography that was similiar to Bell's Photophone.

1884 18 Lines of Resolution

Paul Nipkow sends images over wires using a rotating metal disk technology calling it the electric telescope with 18 lines of resolution.

1900 And We Called It Television

At the World's Fair in Paris, the first International Congress of Electricity was held. That is where Russian Constantin Perskyi made the first known use of the word "television."

 

Soon after 1900, the momentum shifted from ideas and discussions to physical development of television systems. Two major paths in the development of a television system were pursued by inventors.

·                        Inventors attempted to build mechanical television systems based on Paul Nipkow's rotating disks or

·                        Inventors attempted to build electronic television systems based on the cathode ray tube developed independently in 1907 by English inventor A.A. Campbell-Swinton and Russian scientist Boris Rosing.

·                        American Charles Jenkins and Scotsman John Baird followed the mechanical model while

·                        Philo Farnsworth, working independently in San Francisco, and Russian emigrant Vladimir Zworkin, working for Westinghouse and later RCA, advanced the electronic model.

·                        Electronic television systems eventual replaced mechanical systems.

http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/Television_Time_2.htm

 

PAL, NTSC and SECAM

ADVANTAGES:

1. NTSC

• Higher frame rate - uses 30 frames per second
• Atomic colour edits - it is possible to edit without disturbing colour signal
• Less picture noise - better signal to noise in their NTSC form than PAL

    2.   PAL

• More scan line - better picture detail
• Wider luminance signal bandwidth - the placing of colour allows a larger bandwidth of monochrome information to be produced.

    3.   SECAM

• Stable hues - shares same ability as PAL to render images aswell as ensuring consistant stauration of colour.
• Scan line - higher number of scan lines than NTSC 

DISADVANTAGES

1. NTSC

• Lower number of scan lines - reduced clarity on large screen TV's
• Smaller luminance signal bandwidth - picture defects such as cross-colour and dot interference become more visable.
• Lower gamma ratio - NTSC = 2.2 whereas PAL = 2.8

    2.   PAL

• More flicker - due to lower frame rate, more flicker is noticable 
• Lower signal to noise ratio - higher bandwidth requirements cause PAL equipment to have slightly worse signal to noise perfomance than its equivalent NTSC
• Variable colour saturation - PAL achieves accurate colour through cancelling out phase differences between the two signals. Cancelling out errors can reduce colour saturation.

    3.   SECAM

• Patterning effects - causes patterning effects even on non-coloured effects.
• Incompatibility between different versions of SECAM - has a wide range of variants, many of which are incompatible with each other.
• Greater flicker

I think that out of all three that PAL, in which is already the UK's standard is the better one out of all three.
NTSC has more images per second which means the image will flick alot faster than those on PAL, this also means that we will see the images for longer. Secondly the faults on PAL aren't sorted out manually which means if there is any faults we won't see them compared to NTSC standards.

Television has advanced alot throughout the years and its still growing today. New in the cinemas is the use of 3D which allows viewers to watch a film etc and see the images as if they are out of the screen or in some cases they pop out at the person watching. In the cinemas you have to wear glases but they may find a way in which we can view them without glasses, for example the the develop of sky HD.  We also have the development of VOD which stands for Video on demand, this allows us to watch live tv in which has been streamed to the internet. An example of this is we are able to watch a programme which was streamed on channel, and we go to watch it 20 days later. The most popular VOD sites are 4OD and BBC IPlayer.